SCA Underwriting

Multifamily

Single Asset Acquisition with Optional Value Add and Mixed Use

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Underwrite This Deal

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Documentation

For general modeling conventions (color coding, check system, change log, Wizard sheet), see Modeling Standards →

The documentation below covers specifics for this template.


Overview

This model underwrites multifamily single-asset acquisitions with two optional modules:

Optional Feature 1: Value-Add Renovations Model unit-by-unit renovation costs, timing, and rent bumps. Toggle off for stabilized acquisitions.

Optional Feature 2: Mixed-Use Commercial Add retail or office tenants with lease-by-lease detail. Toggle off for pure residential deals.

Both features can be enabled or disabled without breaking the model. Zero out the inputs you don't need.


Model Architecture

SheetPurpose
WizardBuilt-in guide to every input—start here
SummaryKey assumptions and returns, print-ready
OperatingResidential NOI assumptions, expense projections
RR InputResidential unit mix, renovation schedule, commercial leases
Cash FlowMonthly cash flows with annual summaries
WaterfallGP/LP distribution logic
Change LogAssumption version tracking
ChecksError flagging system

Data flow: Summary (Inputs) → RR Input → Operating → Cash Flow → Waterfall → Summary (Outputs)


Summary Sheet

The Summary sheet is your dashboard. Everything important surfaces here, and most key assumptions can be changed directly on this sheet.


Purchase & Sale Assumptions

Property Information

InputDescription
NameDeal name for your reference
Location ClassA/B/C classification
Lot Size (Acres)Property acreage
Year Built / RenovatedConstruction and renovation dates

Purchase

InputDescription
Purchase Price InputAcquisition price (blue cell)
Acquisition DateClosing date—controls timing throughout model
Purchase Costs %Percentage for closing costs
Purchase Costs $Flat closing costs
Total Acquisition BasisCalculated: price + costs + CapEx reserve

Exit Summary

InputResidentialCommercialGlobal
Exit DateConfigurable by component or global
NTM NOI at ExitForward NOI for cap rate valuation
Exit Cap RateAssumption for residual valuation
Exit ValueCalculated from NOI ÷ Cap Rate
Cost of Sale %Disposition costs
Net Exit ValueAfter sale costs

You can set different exit timing for residential vs. commercial components, or link them with the Global column.


Sources & Uses

Uses

Line ItemDescription
Purchase PriceFrom Purchase section
Purchase CostsClosing costs from % and $ inputs
CapEx ReservePre-funded capital reserve
Operating DeficitFunded shortfall during lease-up
Origination FeeLoan origination costs
Total UsesSum of all uses

Sources

Line ItemDescription
EquityTotal equity required
Initial EquityEquity at close
Post-Close EquityFuture equity calls if applicable
Initial Loan ProceedsDebt funding at close
Total SourcesMust equal Total Uses

Returns display at multiple levels: Unlevered, Levered, GP Net, LP Net.


Debt Assumptions

Initial Loan

InputDescription
Loan Issuance DateWhen debt funds
Purchase PriceBasis for LTV calculation
LTV %Loan-to-value ratio
Loan ProceedsCalculated from LTV
Net Asset Value at EntryEquity value check
Initial Equity $Required equity at close

Loan Terms

InputDescription
Initial Loan FXD RateFixed interest rate
I/O Period (months)Interest-only period
Amortization PeriodAmortization schedule (months)
Monthly IO PaymentCalculated debt service during I/O
Monthly Total PMTCalculated P&I payment after I/O

Refi Loan (optional)

InputDescription
Refi DateRefinancing date
Valuation at RefiProperty value at refi
Refi LTV %New loan-to-value
Max Issuance per LTVLTV-constrained proceeds
DSCRDebt service coverage ratio
Max Issuance per DSCRDSCR-constrained proceeds
Refi ProceedsMIN of LTV vs. DSCR constraints

The model automatically takes the more conservative of LTV or DSCR constraints for refinancing proceeds.


Waterfall Assumptions

ControlPreferred ReturnTier 1Thereafter
Hurdle Rate12.0%20.0%
Promote at Tier15.0%25.0%
GP %5.0%20.0%30.0%
LP %95.0%80.0%70.0%
Date Hurdle MetCalculatedCalculated

How it works:

  1. Preferred Return: LP receives distributions until reaching the first hurdle (e.g., 12% IRR). GP participates pro-rata based on co-invest.

  2. Tier 1: After first hurdle, GP receives additional promote. Split shifts (e.g., 80/20 LP/GP) until second hurdle.

  3. Thereafter: After final hurdle (e.g., 20% IRR), split shifts to final promote (e.g., 70/30 LP/GP).

GP co-invest percentage affects participation in preferred return tier. All parameters configurable on Waterfall sheet.


Operating Assumptions

Summary-level operating metrics that link to the Operating sheet:

InputDescription
RR Analysis Start DateWhen rent roll projections begin
Total UnitsResidential unit count
Total Occupied UnitsOccupied at acquisition
Commercial SFSquare footage of commercial space
Resi SFResidential square footage
Total SFCombined square footage

Capital Expenditures Reserve

Line ItemFund as you go?Total
Resi Renov. CapEx + Building GeneralToggleCalculated
Leasing CommissionsCalculated
Tenant ImprovementsCalculated
Total CapExSum

"Fund as you go" toggle determines whether CapEx is pre-funded at close or funded from operations as incurred.


Returns Sensitivity

The sensitivity table shows returns across a range of purchase prices:

Purchase PriceT12 Cap RateY1 Cap RateCash-on-CashUnlevered IRRLevered IRRPrice/SFPrice/Unit

The sensitivity table has its own inputs for the purchase price range. Use it to stress-test your deal across scenarios.


Operating Sheet

The Operating sheet controls your residential NOI assumptions.

What's controlled here:

  • Residential expenses (Year 1 amounts and growth rates)
  • Other income items
  • Expense growth projections by year

What's controlled elsewhere:

  • Rent roll and vacancy → RR Input sheet
  • Commercial operating assumptions → RR Input sheet

Residential Income Growth Rates

Project income growth by year:

InputY1Y2Y3Y4Y5
Potential Rent Growth %X%X%X%X%

Residential Expense Inputs

Expense CategoryYear 1 $Growth %
Real Estate TaxesInputInput
InsuranceInputInput
UtilitiesInputInput
Repairs & MaintenanceInputInput
PayrollInputInput
General & AdministrativeInputInput
Management Fee% of EGR

Management fee is driven as a percentage of Effective Gross Revenue rather than a fixed dollar amount.

Commercial Operating Assumptions

InputDescription
CAM IncomeCommon area maintenance reimbursements
OpExCommercial operating expenses
Start MonthWhen commercial operations begin (cells G70, G71)

RR Input Sheet

The Rent Roll Input sheet controls your unit mix, renovation schedule, and commercial leases.


Residential Unit Mix

Each row represents a unit type (or individual unit):

ColumnDescription
Unit TypeName/identifier
# of UnitsCount of this type
SF per UnitSquare footage
Current OccupancyOccupied/vacant at acquisition
Already Renovated?Yes/No toggle
Reno Cost per UnitRenovation cost assumption
Reno Start DateWhen renovations begin
Reno DurationMonths to complete
Pre-Reno RentCurrent in-place rent
Post-Reno RentTarget rent after renovation

Expanding the unit mix: You can add rows for additional unit types. Group similar units together or model each unit individually.

Turning off value-add: To model a stabilized acquisition without renovations:

  1. Set all units to "Already Renovated = Yes"
  2. Set Reno Cost per Unit to $0
  3. Set Post-Reno Rent equal to Pre-Reno Rent

The Cash Flow sheet will show $0 for Resi CapEx and rents will grow only at your projected growth rate.


Commercial Leases

Each row represents one commercial tenant:

ColumnDescription
Tenant NameIdentifier
SFLeased square footage
Lease Start DateCommencement
Lease LengthTerm in months
NNN Rate ($/SF)Triple-net rent per square foot
Annual StepsAnnual rent escalations
Leasing CommissionLC amount (considers escalations over full term)
LC Spend DateWhen LC is paid
TITenant improvement allowance
TI Spend DateWhen TI is paid

Formula inputs: Blue cells accept formulas, not just typed values. For TI, you can enter =75*[SF cell] instead of calculating manually.

Turning off commercial: To model a pure residential deal:

  1. Set all SF values to 0
  2. Set TI and LC to 0

Don't delete the rows unless working with us—formulas reference these cells even when zeroed out.


Cash Flow Sheet

Monthly cash flows for the full hold period, with annual summaries.

Structure:

SectionContents
Residential RevenueGPR, vacancy, concessions, other income
Residential ExpensesOpEx line items from Operating sheet
Residential NOIRevenue minus expenses
Commercial RevenueNNN rent by tenant
Commercial ExpensesCAM, OpEx
Commercial NOIRevenue minus expenses
Grand Total NOIResidential + Commercial
Capital EventsAcquisition basis, CapEx, TI, LC, exit value
Total Unlevered Cash FlowNOI + Capital Events
Debt ServiceLoan issuance, interest, amortization, paydown
Total Levered Cash FlowAfter debt service

What you'll see:

  • Monthly columns for full hold period
  • Annual summary columns
  • Total Acquisition Basis at period 0
  • Exit Value at disposition
  • Unlevered and Levered IRR, MoC, and Profit

This sheet flows into the Waterfall for GP/LP splits.

Print layout: Configured to print on two pages—suitable for IC presentations without reformatting.


Waterfall Sheet

The Waterfall sheet shows annual cash flow distributions between GP and LP.

What's here:

  • Annual cash flows from Cash Flow sheet
  • Cumulative distributions by tier
  • Hurdle tracking (when each hurdle is met)
  • GP promote calculations
  • Final GP Net and LP Net returns

Monthly detail: While the Waterfall sheet shows annual summaries, underlying calculations run monthly. This is standard for institutional models—monthly precision, annual presentation.

Customization: All waterfall parameters (hurdles, promotes, GP co-invest) are controlled on this sheet and flow to the Summary.


Common Workflows

Changing purchase price:

  1. Go to Summary sheet
  2. Change Purchase Price Input (blue cell, ~row 13)
  3. Press F9 to refresh
  4. Review updated returns in Sources & Uses section

Running a quick sensitivity:

  1. Summary sheet → Returns Sensitivity table
  2. Find your target purchase price row
  3. Read across for cap rates, cash-on-cash, IRR, price/SF, price/unit

Updating for a new deal:

  1. Start with Summary sheet inputs
  2. Update RR Input for your specific unit mix and leases
  3. Adjust Operating sheet expenses to match actuals
  4. Press F9 and verify checks are clear
  5. Log your baseline in Change Log

Turning off value-add module:

  1. RR Input → Set all units to "Already Renovated = Yes"
  2. Set Reno Cost per Unit to $0
  3. Set Post-Reno Rent = Pre-Reno Rent
  4. Press F9

Turning off commercial module:

  1. RR Input → Set all commercial SF to 0
  2. Set TI and LC to 0
  3. Press F9

Questions? Contact us →


SKU: MF-ACQ-SA-VAO-MU